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Hip replacements and revisions

Anatomy

Het heupgewricht is een kogelgewricht: kop en kom passen precies in elkaar. De heupkom is onderdeel van het bekken. De heupkop is de bol van het gewricht en maakt deel uit van het dijbeen. Zowel kom (‘acetabulum’) als kop zijn bedekt met kraakbeen dat werkt als glijlaag van het gewricht. In combinatie met het gewrichts(smeer)vocht zorgt dit ervoor dat het heupgewricht vrijwel zonder wrijving beweegt. Aan de rand van de heupkom bevindt zich een kraakbeenring (‘labrum’), die het dragend oppervlak van de heupkom vergroot maar vooral functioneert als afsluitring om de gewrichtsvloeistof in het gewricht te houden. Om het heupgewricht zit een zeer stevig gewrichtskapsel. Dit zorgt ervoor dat de kop in de kom blijft. Aan de binnenkant van het kapsel bevindt een dun laagje slijmvlies dat het gewrichtsvocht produceert en het gewricht smeert. Rondom het heupgewricht bevinden zich vele spieren.

In addition to moving the leg, these actively contribute to the stability of the joint. The main hip muscle groups are: extensors, abductors and exorotators. Extensors are upper leg extensors. Especially the large gluteus muscle or gluteus maximus. You use the extensors particularly when rising from a seated position such as rising from a chair, car or toilet. The abductors swing the upper leg outward. Especially the middle gluteus muscle or gluteus medius. The abductors stabilize the pelvis when walking. A weakness of these muscles results in a typical and annoying waddling gait pattern (Trendelenburg gait). The exorotators (which turn the upper leg outward) a.o. piriformis muscle. The exorotators also stabilize the hip.

Wear

The function of the hip is to carry and propel the body. Although great forces are placed on the joint and cartilage in this process, the most common cause of hip wear (coxarthrosis) is a shape defect or abnormal fit of the head in the socket, such as hip dysplasia or hip impingement. When the hip wears down, the cartilage becomes thinner and thinner and the typical abnormalities occur, which can often be seen clearly on an X-ray. Patients with a worn-out hip are characterized by increasing pain and loss of range of motion.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms associated with a worn hip are:

  • Pain in the groin and/or buttock region with radiation to the knee
  • Pain when starting movement
  • Stiff feeling especially in the morning
  • Pain in the groin or buttock when going through the legs, getting up from a chair or climbing stairs
  • Nocturnal pain around the hip
  • Less strength in the upper legs or fatigue after exercise

Treatment

Initially, these symptoms can be treated, often successfully, without surgery. Your family doctor can also advise you on this. Medication in the form of anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs such as Diclofenac) or special exercises prescribed by a physical therapist can help. An injection of corticosteroids into the hip joint can also temporarily suppress the inflammatory reaction that arises in the joint with osteoarthritis. Over time, however, there is a chance that all these conservative remedies will no longer have the desired effect and the patient will be considered for the placement of a hip prosthesis.

Total Hip Prosthesis (THP)

A total hip replacement consists of 3 parts: the head, the socket and the stem.

  • De kop is bolvormig en gemaakt van keramiek. De kop zit vast aan de heupsteel en draait in de heupkom. De grootte en lengte kan worden aangepast aan uw eigen anatomie.
  • De heupkom wordt geplaatst in het bekken. Het bestaat uit een titanium kom waarin een lager wordt geplaatst. Deze kan van keramiek zijn of van polyethyleen. Alle materialen zijn lichaamsvriendelijk.
  • De heupsteel is gemaakt van titanium en gecoated met een hydroxyapatiet, een speciaal koraalachtig materiaal dat ingroei in het bot mogelijk maakt.

The final choice made by the surgeon depends on a number of factors such as the quality of your bone and the presence of any congenital defects of the hip joint.

Surgical approaches

Before a hip replacement can be placed in the bone, the orthopedic surgeon must first make an access (approach) through the skin and subcutaneous tissues. There are several ways to do this. The most common approaches are behind the hip bone (posterior approach) or in front of the bone (lateral approach). Both methods require loosening muscles to reach the hip joint. The lateral approach is reliable, gives good results and little chance of luxation (dislocation).

A major disadvantage, however, is that this involves loosening important muscles on the front to back side that are essential for walking. This can lead to a wobbly gait (Trendelenburg gait). Pain at the side of the hip can also occur, which is often difficult to treat. The posterior approach requires loosening of muscles that have an important function in the stability of the hip. Post-operative treatment is restricted in the beginning to prevent luxation and the risk of this happening after the operation is 3-4 %.

Anterior Approach Hip

Faster Recovery and Less Pain in Hip Surgery

Benefits DAA

With the anterior approach, no muscles need to be loosened to reach the hip joint. In particular, the important muscles for a stable gait (without swelling) remain completely unaffected. Damage to important nerves around the hip joint is also much less with this technique. The risk of the hip dislocating is smaller than with other approaches to hip replacement. The wound made with this method is not smaller than with the other surgical techniques although we try to make it as small as possible. The scar is between 10 and 15 cm long. So the benefit of the anterior approach is not so much a smaller scar, but keeping the muscles that are important for walking and for the stability of the hip intact. This leads to less pain, a more stable hip and an easier recovery during the first months after surgery.

Disadvantages DAA

A disadvantage of this approach is the risk of damaging a nerve that provides sensation on the front to back side of the thigh. This occurs in approximately 3-5% of cases. Fortunately, this is often transient and the patients, who are left with an (often small) area of altered or decreased sensation around the scar, do not describe this as bothersome.

Post-treatment DAA

Because the muscles around the hip remain intact, you experience a high degree of stability. This also allows the after-treatment to be less severe. For example, you may:

  • On the day of surgery, get out of bed and walk (with one or without crutches)
  • If you can and want to, go home the same day. (Usually patients go home the day after surgery)
  • Use crutches for as long as you want
  • sleeping on the side
  • exercise bike
  • driving (as soon as walking with one crutch is possible)

Nevertheless, take into account a recovery period of two to three months. That is how long the body needs to regain its flexibility and strength.

Complications

The most common complication of total hip replacement is a post-operative wound infection, this occurs in about 1% of cases and also depends on smoking, diabetes and obesity. Should a wound infection occur, the wound will become red and continue to leak for more than 10-14 days. A re-operation in which the wound is flushed in combination with antibiotics produces a good end result in almost all cases.

More information on:

Knee prosthesis
Knee

Shoulder prosthesis
Shoulder

hand wrist correction
Hand/wrist/elbow

Injections
Injections